HTML Entities and their Glyphs

compiled by Stanislav Sýkora, Extra Byte, Via R.Sanzio 22C, Castano Primo, Italy 20022
in Stan's Library, Ed.S.Sykora, Vol.I. First release May 1, 2005.
Permalink via DOI: 10.3247/SL1Web05.001

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The following Table lists all the HTML 4.0 entities as defined by the W3C consortium. One of the reasons why I have listed them here is that the official documents specify only the contents of columns 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the Table shown here but not the actually displayed glyph which appears in the Table in column 1.

The displayed glyphs are obtained using the alpha-definition of column 2 which I greatly prefer to the numeric definitions (decimal in column 3 and hexadecimal in column 4) because of its incomparably better readability within the HTML script.

Notice that not all the entities show correct glyphs. This does not seem to be due to the used character set. The header of this document defines <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">, but I have experimented with other charsets (such as ISO-8859-1) and the result was the same. Rather, it seems to be a browser problem since Internet Explorer 5.5 does not display many more glyphs than Mozilla Firefox 1.0. To help the user of the Table, those entities which do not show correct glyphs in IE 5.5 have bold red text in column 3 and those which seem to malfunction in Firefox have bold violet text in column 4.

When you write a HTML document, you can keep this page open on your desktop and, each time you need some of the entities (for example a greek letter or a math symbol), you look it up and then copy and paste the corresponding script from column 2.

The Table is divided into three Sections, corresponding to the standard W3C distinction between
Latin-1 Entities, Symbols and Greek Letters, and Other Special Characters.

Latin-1 Entities
				No-break space = non-breaking space
¡	¡	¡	¡	Inverted exclamation mark
¢	¢	¢	¢	Cent sign
£	£	£	£	Pound sign
¤	¤	¤	¤	Currency sign
¥	¥	¥	¥	Yen sign = yuan sign
¦	¦	¦	¦	Broken bar = broken vertical bar
§	§	§	§	Section sign
¨	¨	¨	¨	Diaeresis = spacing diaeresis
©	©	©	©	Copyright sign
ª	ª	ª	ª	Feminine ordinal indicator
«	«	«	«	Left double angle mark = left guillemet
¬	¬	¬	¬	Not sign = discretionary hyphen
				Soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen
®	®	®	®	Registered sign = registered trade mark sign
¯	¯	¯	¯	Macron = overline = APL overbar
°	°	°	°	Degree sign
±	±	±	±	Plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign
²	²	²	²	Superscript two = squared
³	³	³	³	Superscript three = cubed
´	´	´	´	Acute accent = spacing acute
µ	µ	µ	µ	Micro sign
¶	¶	¶	¶	Pilcrow sign = paragraph sign
·	·	·	·	Middle dot = Greek middle dot
¸	¸	¸	¸	Cedilla = spacing cedilla
¹	¹	¹	¹	Superscript one = superscript digit one
º	º	º	º	Masculine ordinal indicator
»	»	»	»	Right double angle mark = right guillemet
¼	¼	¼	¼	fraction one quarter
½	½	½	½	fraction one half
¾	¾	¾	¾	fraction three quarters
¿	¿	¿	¿	inverted (turned) question mark
À	À	À	À	Latin capital letter A with grave
Á	Á	Á	Á	Latin capital letter A with acute
Â	Â	Â	Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
Ã	Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde
Ä	Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
Å	Å	Å	Å	Latin capital letter A with ring
Æ	Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin capital ligature letter AE
Ç	Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
È	È	È	È	Latin capital letter E with grave
É	É	É	É	Latin capital letter E with acute
Ê	Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
Ë	Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
Ì	Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave
Í	Í	Í	Í	Latin capital letter I with acute
Î	Î	Î	Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
Ï	Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
Ð	Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin capital letter ETH
Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde
Ò	Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave
Ó	Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute
Ô	Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
Õ	Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde
Ö	Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
×	×	×	×	multiplication sign
Ø	Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin capital letter O with slash
Ù	Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave
Ú	Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute
Û	Û	Û	Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
Ü	Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
Ý	Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute
Þ	Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin capital letter THORN
ß	ß	ß	ß	Latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed
à	à	à	à	Latin small letter a with grave
á	á	á	á	Latin small letter a with acute
â	â	â	â	Latin small letter a with circumflex
ã	ã	ã	ã	Latin small letter a with tilde
ä	ä	ä	ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
å	å	å	å	Latin small letter a with ring
æ	æ	æ	æ	Latin small ligature letter ae
ç	ç	ç	ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla
è	è	è	è	Latin small letter e with grave
é	é	é	é	Latin small letter e with acute
ê	ê	ê	ê	Latin small letter e with circumflex
ë	ë	ë	ë	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
ì	ì	ì	ì	Latin small letter i with grave
í	í	í	í	Latin small letter i with acute
î	î	î	î	Latin small letter i with circumflex
ï	ï	ï	ï	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
ð	ð	ð	ð	Latin small letter eth
ñ	ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small letter n with tilde
ò	ò	ò	ò	Latin small letter o with grave
ó	ó	ó	ó	Latin small letter o with acute
ô	ô	ô	ô	Latin small letter o with circumflex
õ	õ	õ	õ	Latin small letter o with tilde
ö	ö	ö	ö	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
÷	÷	÷	÷	division sign
ø	ø	ø	ø	Latin small letter o with slash
ù	ù	ù	ù	Latin small letter u with grave
ú	ú	ú	ú	Latin small letter u with acute
û	û	û	û	Latin small letter u with circumflex
ü	ü	ü	ü	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
ý	ý	ý	ý	Latin small letter y with acute
þ	þ	þ	þ	Latin small letter thorn
ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small letter y with diaeresis
Symbols and Greek Letters
ƒ	&fnof;	ƒ	ƒ	Latin small f with hook = florin
Α	Α	Α	Α	Greek capital letter alpha
Β	Β	Β	Β	Greek capital letter beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Γ	Greek capital letter gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Δ	Greek capital letter delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Ε	Greek capital letter epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Greek capital letter zeta
Η	Η	Η	Η	Greek capital letter eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Θ	Greek capital letter theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Ι	Greek capital letter iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Κ	Greek capital letter kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Λ	Greek capital letter lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Μ	Greek capital letter mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Ν	Greek capital letter nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Greek capital letter xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Ο	Greek capital letter omicron
Π	Π	Π	Π	Greek capital letter pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Greek capital letter rho
Σ	Σ	Σ	Σ	Greek capital letter sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Τ	Greek capital letter tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Υ	Greek capital letter upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Φ	Greek capital letter phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Χ	Greek capital letter chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Greek capital letter psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Ω	Greek capital letter omega
α	α	α	α	Greek small letter alpha
β	β	β	β	Greek small letter beta
γ	γ	γ	γ	Greek small letter gamma
δ	δ	δ	δ	Greek small letter delta
ε	ε	ε	ε	Greek small letter epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	ζ	Greek small letter zeta
η	η	η	η	Greek small letter eta
θ	θ	θ	θ	Greek small letter theta
ι	ι	ι	ι	Greek small letter iota
κ	κ	κ	κ	Greek small letter kappa
λ	λ	λ	λ	Greek small letter lambda
μ	μ	μ	μ	Greek small letter mu
ν	ν	ν	ν	Greek small letter nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	ξ	Greek small letter xi
ο	ο	ο	ο	Greek small letter omicron
π	π	π	π	Greek small letter pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	ρ	Greek small letter rho
ς	&sigmaf;	ς	ς	Greek small letter final sigma
σ	σ	σ	σ	Greek small letter sigma
τ	τ	τ	τ	Greek small letter tau
υ	υ	υ	υ	Greek small letter upsilon
φ	φ	φ	φ	Greek small letter phi
χ	χ	χ	χ	Greek small letter chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	ψ	Greek small letter psi
ω	ω	ω	ω	Greek small letter omega
ϑ	&thetasym;	ϑ	ϑ	Greek small letter theta symbol
ϒ	&upsih;	ϒ	ϒ	Greek upsilon with hook symbol
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	Greek pi symbol
•	•	•	•	bullet = black small circle
…	…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader
′	′	′	′	prime = minutes = feet
″	″	″	″	double prime = seconds = inches
‾	&oline;	‾	‾	overline = spacing overscore
⁄	&frasl;	⁄	⁄	fraction slash
℘	&weierp;	℘	℘	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p
ℑ	&image;	ℑ	ℑ	blackletter capital I = imaginary part
ℜ	&real;	ℜ	ℜ	blackletter capital R = real part symbol
™	™	™	™	trade mark sign
ℵ	&alefsym;	ℵ	ℵ	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal
←	←	←	←	leftwards arrow
↑	↑	↑	↑	upwards arrow
→	→	→	→	rightwards arrow
↓	↓	↓	↓	downwards arrow
↔	↔	↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	&crarr;	↵	↵	down arrow with leftwards corner = CR
⇐	⇐	⇐	⇐	leftwards double arrow
⇑	&uArr;	⇑	⇑	upwards double arrow
⇒	⇒	⇒	⇒	rightwards double arrow
⇓	&dArr;	⇓	⇓	downwards double arrow
⇔	⇔	⇔	⇔	left right double arrow
∀	∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	∂	partial differential
∃	∃	∃	∃	there exists
∅	∅	∅	∅	empty set = null set = diameter
∇	∇	∇	∇	nabla = backward difference
∈	∈	∈	∈	element of
∉	∉	∉	∉	not an element of
∋	&ni;	∋	∋	contains as member
∏	∏	∏	∏	n-ary product = product sign
∑	∑	∑	∑	n-ary sumation
−	−	−	−	minus sign
∗	&lowast;	∗	∗	asterisk operator
√	√	√	√	square root = radical sign
∝	&prop;	∝	∝	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	∞	infinity
∠	&ang;	∠	∠	angle
∧	&and;	∧	∧	logical and = wedge
∨	&or;	∨	∨	logical or = vee
∩	∩	∩	∩	intersection = cap
∪	∪	∪	∪	union = cup
∫	∫	∫	∫	integral
∴	&there4;	∴	∴	therefore
∼	&sim;	∼	∼	tilde operator = varies with = similar to
≅	&cong;	≅	≅	approximately equal to
≈	≈	≈	≈	almost equal to = asymptotic to
≠	≠	≠	≠	not equal to
≡	&equiv;	≡	≡	identical to
≤	≤	≤	≤	less-than or equal to
≥	≥	≥	≥	greater-than or equal to
⊂	⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	&nsub;	⊄	⊄	not a subset of
⊆	&sube;	⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to
⊇	&supe;	⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to
⊕	&oplus;	⊕	⊕	circled plus = direct sum
⊗	&otimes;	⊗	⊗	circled times = vector product
⊥	&perp;	⊥	⊥	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator
⌈	&lceil;	⌈	⌈	left ceiling = APL upstile
⌉	&rceil;	⌉	⌉	right ceiling
⌊	&lfloor;	⌊	⌊	left floor = APL downstile
⌋	&rfloor;	⌋	⌋	right floor
⟨	&lang;	〈	〈	left-pointing angle bracket = bra
⟩	&rang;	〉	〉	right-pointing angle bracket = ket
◊	&loz;	◊	◊	lozenge
♠	&spades;	♠	♠	black spade suit
♣	&clubs;	♣	♣	black club suit = shamrock
♥	&hearts;	♥	♥	black heart suit = valentine
♦	&diams;	♦	♦	black diamond suit
Other special characters
"	"	"	"	quotation mark = APL quote
&	&	&	&	ampersand
<	<	<	<	less-than sign
>	>	>	>	greater-than sign
Œ	&OElig;	Œ	Œ	Latin capital ligature OE
œ	&oelig;	œ	œ	Latin small ligature oe
Š	&Scaron;	Š	Š	Latin capital letter S with caron
š	&scaron;	š	š	Latin small letter s with caron
Ÿ	&Yuml;	Ÿ	Ÿ	Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
ˆ	&circ;	ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	&tilde;	˜	˜	small tilde
	&ensp;			en space
	&emsp;			em space
				thin space
‌	&zwnj;	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner
‍	&zwj;	‍	‍	zero width joiner
‎	&lrm;	‎	‎	left-to-right mark
‏	&rlm;	‏	‏	right-to-left mark
–	–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	—	em dash
‘	‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	&sbquo;	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	”	”	right double quotation mark
„	&bdquo;	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
†	&dagger;	†	†	dagger
‡	&Dagger;	‡	‡	double dagger
‰	&permil;	‰	‰	per mille sign
‹	&lsaquo;	‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
›	&rsaquo;	›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
€	€	€	€	euro sign

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